Despre Coreea de Sud
O tara mandra de istoria sa culturala, Coreea de Sud ce are cateva palate, temple si gradini vechi la dispoziia turistilor. Festivalul Cherry Blossom este preferatul calatorilor, cu paradele de lanterne si masti, care vrajesc ochiul. Exista si destule evenimente contemporane, precum dansuri, muzica si festivitati sportive in contrast cu zgarie-norii si lumina neoanelor.
Cu China ivita dinspre vest si Japonia inghiontind dinspre est, nu e de mirare ca aceasta tara a fost in mod involuntar camp de razboi. Insa oricat ar fi incercat vecinii sa o acapareze, Coreea de Sud a reusit sa supravietuiasca.
Scenele de la televizor cu miile de fani imbracati in rosu care isi sustin echipa la Cupa Mondiala este o imagine care poate convinge audienta mondiala ca aceasta tara este un loc distractiv, cu orase uimitoare, oameni prietenosi si peisaje mistice.
Pana relativ recent, Coreea a fost un loc unitar, condus de dinastii vechi de secole. Totusi, ocupatia japoneza de 35 de ani, incepand cu 1910, divizarea peninsulei dupa cel de-al doilea razboi mondial si razboiul coreean ce a urmat, au destramat imaginea unitara a tarii. Vremurile dificile au facut totusi ca poporul corean sa fie adaptabil, sa aiba succes economic si in acelasi timp sa-si pastreze traditiile si cultura unica.
Coreea este plina de fortarete, temple si palate,multe dintre ele locuri de Patrimoniu Mondial UNESCO. In plus, peninsula pe care o imparte cu Republica Populara Democrata Coreea (numele oficial al Coreei de Nord) este una dintre cele mai muntoase regiuni din lume, avand totusi si plaje costale.
Capitala Seul serpuieste pe langa raul Han, punctata de zgarie-nori futuristici intr-una dintre cele mai aglomerate zone din lume. Orasul are o utilitate crescanda, ca un punct de oprire in Asia, sau ca un centru cultural al trioului Corea-China-Japonia.
Principalele atractii turistice
• Vizitati atractiile capitalei Seoul - palatul Changdeokung si gradinile secrete Biwon, Altarul Jongmyo cu tabletele ancestrale ale dinastiei Joseon, Muzeul National al Coreei. Turnul Seoul masoara 238m, in varful muntelui Namsan. Vizitati Memorialul si Muzeul Razboiului si relaxati-va in Parcul Olimpic sau in Parcul Cupa Mondiala.
• Admirati zidurile orasului Suwon si fortareata Hwaseong.
• Faceti drumetii, vizitati temple si fortarete, in muntii din Parcul National Bukhansan.
• Mergeti cu trenul de mare viteza KTX, lansat in 2004 si care merge cu 300km/h.
• Vizitati muzeul fara ziduri Gyeongiu, de langa Busan. Capitala a regatului Silla vreme de 1000 de ani, locul este plin de istorie si cultura budista.
• Lasati-va prinsi de atmosfera templului Bulguksa. Acest templu mare din lemn este pictat foarte frumos. Un drum serpuitor de munte duce de la templu spre Grota Seokguram, cu statuia lui Buddha din granit.
• Mergeti la vest de Daegu, spre Parcul National Muntele Gayasan, cu templul Haeinsa in mijloc. Acesta adaposteste un triptic coreean - 80.000 de gravuri in lemn, ce descriu scripturile budiste complete. Terminat in 1252, dupa 16 ani de munca, tripticul s-a pastrat in conditii perfecte.
• Calatoriti spre Parcul National Maritim Hallyeo pentru o croaziera in arhipelagul compus din 400 de insule.
• Faceti o excursie in zona demilitarizata (DMZ) vi satul pacii Panmunjeom, la o ora de Seoul, unde au avut loc negocierile de pace din 1953. Accesul este permir doar in cadrul unui tur ificial.
• Faceti drumetii in parcurile nationale Seoraksan, Odaesan si Chuwangsan, accesibile dinspre autostrada de pe coasta de est.
Gastronomie
Felul national coreean este "kimchi", un amestec de legume murate condimentate, principalul ingredient fiind varza. Acest fel se prepara in cantitati mari toamna si este lasat la fermentat cateva saptamani, in bircane ingropate in pamant.
O masa tipic coreeana include supa, orez cu fasole si garnitura de kimchi. Alte feluri specifice sunt bulgogi (fasii de carne de vita marinata), kalbi (coaste de vita marinate) si sinsollo (o mancare din peste, carne, oaua, legume, nuci si fasole). Koreenii mananca cu betisoare si o lingura, de obicei la o masa plianta micuta, care poate fi mutata in orice camera a casei.
Istorie
Potrivit coreenilor, primul lor stramos s-a nascut in 2333 IHr. Oamenii de stiinta spun ca teritoriul Coreei a fost locuit prima data in jurul anului 30.000 IHr, cand triburile din centrul si nordul Asiei au gasit aceasta peninsula. Sub presiune constanta din partea Chinei, aceste triburi s-au unit pentur a intemeia un regat, in primul secol. Pana in anul 700, regatul Silla al Coreei avea o cultura proprie si ridica palate, pagode si gradini, influentand si cultura Japoniei. La inceputul secolului XIII mongolii au parjolit regatul Coreei. La caderea imperiului mongol, dinastia Choson a preluat puterea si s-a dezvoltat scrierea coreeana. In 1592 Japonia, urmata de China, a invadat Coreea. Aici s-a mutat dinastia chineza Manchu. Coreea si-a inchis portile catre lumea exterioara, pana in anii 1900.
In 1904 a invadat Japonia, anexand peninsula in 1910. Japonezii au fost conducatori aspri, sentimentul anti-japonez fiind puternic si astazi, in toata peninsula. Miscarile de gherila impotriva japonezilor au avut loc in provinciile din nord si Manchuria. Dupa cel de-al doilea razboi mondial, SUA a ocupat sudul peninsulei, iar URSS-ul a preluat nordul. Stalin l-a trimis pe Kim II Sung, un tanar ofiter coreean, sa ia in primire transformarea comunista a nordului. Acesta a ajung rapid la conducerea guvernului Coreei de Nord, sfidand planul de alegeri libere a Natiunilor Unite. In Coreea de Sud au avut loc alegeri democrate, iar cand statul si-a declarat independenta, Nordul a invadat. Razboiul a durat pana in 1953 si s-a soldat cu moartea a doua milioane de oameni.
Dupa cativa ani de semi-democratie in sud, legea martiala a fost instaurata in 1972. Urmatorii 15 ani au oscilat intre democratie si lege martiala represiva, culminand cu masacrul celor 200 de studenti in 1980. La sfarsitul anilor 80, protestele studentilor izbucneau in toata tara, acestora alaturandu-li-se si muncitorii. Acestia cereau alegeri democrate, libertatea presei si eliberarea prizonierilor politici. Intr-un act surprinzator pentru toata lumea, presedintele a fost de acord cu toatre pretentiile protestatarilor.
In anul 2000, presedintele Coreei de Sud a facut o vizita istorica in Coreea de Nord, cateva luni mai tarziu fiindu-i acordat premiul Nobel pentru Pace. In decembrie 2001, presedintele Kim al Coreei de Sud a devenit primul lider asiatic ce a vorbit in fata Parlamentului European de la Strasbourg.
Informatii utile
Scoateti-va incaltamintea dupa ce intrati intr-o casa coreeana. La intalnire, o mica plecaciune este apreciata de locuitori. La masa, nu incepeti sa mancati inainte de persoana cea mai in varsta.
Seul este un oras aglomerat, asa ca luati-va gandul de la respectarea spatiului personal. In cultura coreeana, familia si societatea sunt baza, astfel incat deseori veti fi intrebati de varsta si statutul social.
Nu lasati niciodata betisoarele in orez si nu chemati pe cineva cu mana cu palma in sus si folosind un deget, deoarece astfel isi cheama coreenii cainele. Este interzisa scrierea numelui cuiva cu culoare rosie, deoarece simbolizeaza moartea. Numarul patru este considerat ghinionist, la fel ca si multiplu de patru.
Coreea are patru sezoane distincte, cu un muson umed vara, in mijlocul anului si o iarna foarte rece din noiembrie pana in martie. In largul coastei sudice, Jeju-do este cel mai cald si mai umed loc din tara.
Daca aveti posibilitatea, vizitati Coreea toamna (septembrie-noiembrie). Este insorit, cerul este albasru si peisajul este de vis. Iarna este rece si secetoasa, dar puteti veni in acest anotimp daca va place sa schiati, daca va plac templurile drapate in zapada, lipsa turistilor si aerul inghetat. Primavara poate fi frumoasa, insa este si perioada cea mai aglomerata cu turisti japonezi. Vara este fierbinte, inabusitoare, umeda, alomerata, scumpa si exista pericolul taifunurilor. Ora oficiala este GMT +9
About South Korea
South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국;Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk , "The Republic of Great Hán"; ROK), and commonly referred to as Korea, is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name Korea is derived from theKingdom of Goryeo, also spelled as Koryŏ. It shares land borders with North Korea to the north, and oversea borders with Japan to the east and China to the west. Roughly half of the country's 50 million people reside in the metropolitan area surrounding its capital, the Seoul Capital Area, which is thesecond largest in the world with over 25 million residents.
Korea was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period and its civilization began with the founding of Gojoseon. After the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea in 668, Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under dynasties lasting for centuries in which its trade, culture, literature, science and technology flourished. In 1910 it was annexed by the Japanese Empire, after whose defeat in 1945, Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S. zones of occupation, with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in 1948. Although the United Nations passed a resolution declaring the Republic to be the only lawful government of Korea, a communist regime was soon set up in the North that invaded the South in 1950, leading to the Korean War that ended de facto in 1953, with peace and prosperity settling-in thereafter.
Between 1962 and 1994, South Korea's tiger economy grew at an average of 10% annually, fueled by annual export growth of 20%, in a period called the Miracle on the Han River that rapidly and successfully transformed it into a high-income advanced economy and the world's 11th largest economy by 1995. Today, South Korea is the eighth largest country in international trade, a regional power with the world's 10th largest defence budget and member of the G-20 and OECD's Development Assistance Committee. Since the first free election in 1987, South Koreans have enjoyed high civil liberties and a vibrant democracy ranked second in Asia on the Democracy Index. Its pop culture has considerable influence in Asia and expanding globally in a process called the Korean Wave.
South Korea is East Asia's highest ranked developed country in the Human Development Index. Its citizens enjoy a very high standard of living, having Asia's highest median per-capita income and average wage[18] with the world's 8th highest household income. Globally, it is one of the highest ranked countries in education, quality of healthcare, ease of doing business and job security. It is the best performing OECD country in student skills with 64% of 25–34 year olds holding a tertiary education degree, the highest in the OECD. It is the world's most research and development intensive country and measured to be the most innovative country by Bloomberg. South Korea is the world's seventh largest importer and eighth largest exporter, driven by high-tech multinationals such as Samsung, Hyundai-Kia and LG. A highly advanced information society, South Korea has the world's fastest Internet connection speed, ranking first in e-Government, 4G LTE penetration and second in the ICT Development Index and smartphone penetration.
Suorce: wikipedia.org
South Korea , officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국;Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk , "The Republic of Great Hán"; ROK), and commonly referred to as Korea, is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name Korea is derived from theKingdom of Goryeo, also spelled as Koryŏ. It shares land borders with North Korea to the north, and oversea borders with Japan to the east and China to the west. Roughly half of the country's 50 million people reside in the metropolitan area surrounding its capital, the Seoul Capital Area, which is thesecond largest in the world with over 25 million residents.
Korea was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period and its civilization began with the founding of Gojoseon. After the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea in 668, Korea enjoyed over a millennium of relative tranquility under dynasties lasting for centuries in which its trade, culture, literature, science and technology flourished. In 1910 it was annexed by the Japanese Empire, after whose defeat in 1945, Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S. zones of occupation, with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in 1948. Although the United Nations passed a resolution declaring the Republic to be the only lawful government of Korea, a communist regime was soon set up in the North that invaded the South in 1950, leading to the Korean War that ended de facto in 1953, with peace and prosperity settling-in thereafter.
Between 1962 and 1994, South Korea's tiger economy grew at an average of 10% annually, fueled by annual export growth of 20%, in a period called the Miracle on the Han River that rapidly and successfully transformed it into a high-income advanced economy and the world's 11th largest economy by 1995. Today, South Korea is the eighth largest country in international trade, a regional power with the world's 10th largest defence budget and member of the G-20 and OECD's Development Assistance Committee. Since the first free election in 1987, South Koreans have enjoyed high civil liberties and a vibrant democracy ranked second in Asia on the Democracy Index. Its pop culture has considerable influence in Asia and expanding globally in a process called the Korean Wave.
South Korea is East Asia's highest ranked developed country in the Human Development Index. Its citizens enjoy a very high standard of living, having Asia's highest median per-capita income and average wage[18] with the world's 8th highest household income. Globally, it is one of the highest ranked countries in education, quality of healthcare, ease of doing business and job security. It is the best performing OECD country in student skills with 64% of 25–34 year olds holding a tertiary education degree, the highest in the OECD. It is the world's most research and development intensive country and measured to be the most innovative country by Bloomberg. South Korea is the world's seventh largest importer and eighth largest exporter, driven by high-tech multinationals such as Samsung, Hyundai-Kia and LG. A highly advanced information society, South Korea has the world's fastest Internet connection speed, ranking first in e-Government, 4G LTE penetration and second in the ICT Development Index and smartphone penetration.
Suorce: wikipedia.org
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